In this article we will look at the following:
- what are papillomas;
- what is the reason for their formation.
- where they are more common in men and women;
- typical papillomas.
Papillomas are benign neoplasms located on the skin, mucous membranes. The reason for their formation is the human papilloma virus (HPV), which is transmitted in different ways. The appearance of the formations depends on the type of virus that caused them.
Transmission paths
Human papillomavirus is transmitted by:
- During sexual intercourse, including anal, oral-genital.
- Household The micro-organism may exist on personal belongings, personal hygiene items, contaminated towels. Easily penetrates through scratches, abrasions on the skin.
- During birth from mother to child.
Possible autoinfection if the virus is transmitted from one area of the body to another, which usually occurs during shaving, hair removal.
The incubation period (the period from the entry of HPV into the body to the appearance of signs of pathology) varies from a few weeks to several years.
Papillomas on the body most often occur in case of illness, pregnancy, alcohol abuse, psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, accompanied by a decrease in immune protection. The frequency of these formations in men and women is the same.
Human papillomavirus: types
Depending on the risk of skin cancer, mucosal papillomaviruses belong to the following groups:
- Low oncogenic risk (HPV 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40–44, 51, 61 species).
- Medium oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing malignant processes (HPV 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39 species).
Microorganisms with a low risk of cancer cause benign growths on the skin, mucous membranes.
Types of papillomas
Simple
They are also called vulgar, ordinary. Such growths are more often caused by HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41.
Numbness, burning sensation appears on any part of the body. Later, the growth of a spherical formation is noted, the surface of which gradually becomes rough. Initially, the tumor is flesh-colored, then darkens. The size of the papilloma on the body is from 1 mm to cm
These neoplasms are single, multiple. In the latter case, the daughter's small papillomas are located around the mother, forming first, usually the largest of all.
Their location is the back of the hands, fingers, the distances between them, the chin area, the ends of the lips. There are such papillomas on the neck. The child's knees are affected because children often crawl, becoming infected through small skin lesions.
Plantar
People with these lesions are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. The growths are similar to dry calluses, but have a number of characteristic differences.
The skin pattern is preserved on corns, absent on the surface of the papillomas, the latter are smooth. The formation caused by papillomavirus is painful, the unpleasant sensations intensify when you wear shoes with pressure. Inside the papilloma, black dots are seen that are missing in the calluses.
Neoplasms sometimes self-destruct, which is more common in children. Occasionally, small blisters are seen around the neoplasm. The latter develop into new papillomas over time
Flat papillomas
Growths with a rounded, elongated, oval shape, rise above the level of the skin by 1-2 millimeters. Flat papillomas are located around the mouth, face and upper half of the body. Occasionally there are papillomas on the neck
There is evidence of papilloma of the labia, cervix in girls, penis in men, in the rectum, near the anus. These formations are arranged in groups, merging with each other. Flat dense papillomas, sometimes slightly darker than the rest of the skin, are formed under the influence of 10, 49, 28 varieties of papillomavirus.
Thread
If people notice that small papillomas have appeared on the neck, then most often the growths are with sutures. The second name of the formations isacrochordus. The latter are caused by 2, 7 types of HPV.
In the initial stage, the papillomas of the neck look like small yellowish seals, then the growths stretch, become rough, acquire an elongated, round shape, similar to a thread. A distinctive feature of such a papilloma of the neck is a thin leg.
Acrochord is most often formed in men, women over 40 years. The plants also appear on the skin of the upper eyelids, armpits, mammary glands, in the intimate area.
Soche <
The formation data are calledwarts,are caused by types 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 types of human papillomavirus in women and men.
Condyloma is a small, single, numerous flesh-colored growths located on the female, male genitals, around the anus. There are papillomas in the vagina, labia, cervix. In men, warts are located on the foreskin, the head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Individual elements sometimes merge with each other, a tumor form appears, resembling on the outside a crest of a rooster, cauliflower. Neoplasms are characterized by very rapid growth, a broad lesion can form in a few hours.
The pathology has a recurrent course. It is more severe in concomitant sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract (eg chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis).
Condyloma, which forms on the cervix, especially inside the cervical canal, is most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth, followed by tissue breakdown and secondary infections.Papillomas in the mouth, larynx
Their appearance is associated with the activity of papillomaviruses 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32 species. The formations are rounded formations on a thin or wide base. The mucosa around them is pale pink, with no visible pathological changes. The surface of the growths is pale pink, whitish.
Neoplasms are single, multiple, painless when pressed. They are located at the bottom of the oral cavity, on the back of the tongue, hard, soft palate, mucous membrane, the size varies from 2 mm to 2 cm.
Overgrowth of the mucous membrane of the mouth bleeds, if bitten, darkens as a result of bleeding into it. The state of health in the presence of such a disease does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
When in adults single growths are located on the soft palate, tonsils, in the glottis, the presence of a foreign body is felt, coughing, the voice becomes hoarse. If the lesions become multiple, these symptoms are exacerbated
In children, pathological growths are often bilateral, their appearance is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Difficulty inhaling, exhaling, occurring after exercise, then at complete rest.
- Cough after running, play too much.
- Choking attacks withstenosisof the larynx (pathological narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower respiratory tract).
The appearance of externally different papillomas is associated with infection with different types of HPV. To remove the tumors, you should consult a doctor. This should be done as soon as possible if the papillomas are numerous, rapidly increasing in size, causing discomfort and permanent injury.