Papillomatosis of the larynx is a common disease. A few years ago, the only possible method of treating the problem was surgery, and over time, conservative methods have emerged to deal with the disease.
Reasons
Throat papillomas occur due to the growth of connective tissue and epithelium. These formations are of benign nature. However, this does not mean that they should be ignored.
Externally, the growths look like roosters with a red or pink tinge. Single copies are rare. There are often many entities.
They appear on the tongue, directly in the larynx, on the palate and vocal cords, on the arches of the tonsils, on the pharynx and trachea.
The biggest danger is papillomas located in the throat, which interfere with the normal functioning of the respiratory tract. These are growths on the bronchi and trachea. They lead to serious consequences and complications.
Papillomas occur in the throat if HPV is activated.
This happens under the following conditions:
- the presence of such infectious diseases as scarlet fever, measles;
- reduced immunity;
- polluted atmosphere in the area of residence;
- the presence of chronic diseases of the nose, throat and ears;
- vocal cord tension.
There is the concept of "juvenile papillomatosis". They suffer from small children. In it, multiple papillomas in the throat close the lumen in the larynx, which interferes with the normal respiratory process.
Adults with HPV in the trachea or bronchi may develop into a malignant tumor if left untreated. However, even surgery does not guarantee that the tumors will not reappear.
Papillomas of the throat: symptoms
The problem may not appear at an early stage.
But when warts grow, symptoms are observed:
- difficulty breathing;
- the appearance of a hoarse voice, cough for no reason, heaviness in the throat;
- problems with the endocrine system;
- any changes related to the respiratory system;
- cough accompanied by sputum or even blood;
- lump in the throat.
In children, papillomas of the throat may present with symptoms:
- asthma attacks due to swelling in the airways;
- the appearance of shortness of breath;
- difficulties in carrying out the respiratory process;
- hoarseness;
- developmental disorders of the child.
How can you get infected?
Papillomavirus is transmitted through contact with an infected person.
This can happen in several ways:
- Sexual way. The risk of getting papillomas is especially high for those who have indiscriminate sex.
- Household way. When using a towel, blanket, and in common areas.
- Through a kiss
- In the presence of injuries or microcracks.
- self-infection;
- When passing through the birth canal (from an infected mother to a child).
Who is at risk?
Throat HPV is common in children who have ENT-related infections. These include pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, purulent otitis media, laryngitis.
The most common papillomatosis of the throat is among people in the age group of 20 to 45 years.
In the risk factor, a person who has bad habits, constantly experiences stress, leads an unhealthy lifestyle.
There are a number of indirect factors that can provoke the development of papillomas in the throat:
- taking hormonal pills;
- living in an area with high levels of air pollution;
- secondary smoke;
- disorders in the care of the oral cavity;
- hormonal insufficiency in the body;
- the presence of hereditary factors;
- stress.
Types of HPV in the throat
There are many classifications of papillomas that are found in the throat.
Here is how the types of disease are divided according to age:
- Congenital (ie infection in the womb).
- Children's.
- Acquired (during sexual intercourse or at home).
- Adult.
- Repeating.
Another division is based on the growth rate of papillomas:
- limited option, when the spread of formations occurs in a certain area of the throat;
- common form when papillomas are scattered everywhere;
- shutter type. In this case, the growths prevent the passage of air through the airways.
Depending on the condition of the respiratory system and the presence of symptomatic manifestations of the disease can be:
- First compensatory degree. It is characterized by slight difficulty in inhaling and exhaling, the appearance of a hoarse voice.
- Second compensatory degree. Shortness of breath occurs, the body ceases to have enough oxygen, there is a constant feeling of anxiety, cold sweat appears and the skin begins to turn blue.
- Third degree, when there is a complete cessation of breathing. The patient loses consciousness due to asphyxia.
Depending on the presence of oncogenic properties, papilloma of the throat can be:
- benign;
- malignant.
Localization of papillomas
The neoplasms can be located either directly in the throat, on any of its parts, or on the larynx. Which ones are dangerous?
These growths, which occur in the throat, affect the tonsils. There are papillomas on the soft palate or side walls. Vocal cord formations are rare. Do not confuse papillomas with tonsils and congestion.
In the second case there is a taste of pus in the mouth. It is impossible to determine for yourself what is specific ⏤. You need to contact a specialist.
If it is a cork, then it is enough to rinse the problem area. If it is a tonsil papilloma, then the doctor will prescribe effective therapy. It can be conservative treatment or surgery.
Laryngeal papillomas are dangerous. These growths can disrupt the patient's speech, interfere with the respiratory process. It is important that this problem occurs in children.
Due to the fact that the respiratory lumen is significantly reduced, laryngeal papilloma can cause suffocation, lack of oxygen in the body and death.
Diagnosis of papillomas in the throat
Before starting treatment for papillomas, the doctor will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures.
Throat papillomatosis can be detected with the help of:
- Laryngoscopy - examination of the problem area using a special laryngoscope tool.
- Histology - examination of papilloma tissues. It is often done after removing the growth or after taking a biopsy.
- Microlaryngoscopy - allows you to examine all the nuances of the appearance of education.
- Electroglotography - makes it possible to determine the type of papillomas (benign or malignant).
- X-ray - determines how often the problem is in the throat.
Conservative treatment
Papillomas in the throat can be treated with conservative methods. The most common method is chemotherapy. It is done with the help of drugs that are based on chemicals.
They apply to the affected areas, for these purposes are used:
- Potassium permanganate.
- salicylic acid.
- Silver nitrate salts.
- Sulfuric acid.
- perhydrol.
- Nitric acid.
The cauterization procedure must be performed by a qualified person. There are a number of substances that are banned due to high toxicity for the treatment of children.
Another conservative method is radiation therapy. Its main task is to destroy diseased cells. This modern method has recently become increasingly used to remove papillomas.
Removal of tumors in the throat and with the help of radiation therapy. The main advantage of the method is the absence of damage or scarring, rapid healing and the exclusion of recurrences.
The doctor prescribes antiviral drugs, recommends taking immunostimulants.
Removal of papillomas in the throat
Experts believe that the only correct and effective treatment option is surgical removal of the papilloma.
To do this, choose the appropriate method:
- laser;
- radio wave method;
- cryodestruction;
- laryngoscopy;
- electrocoagulation.
It is impossible to remove the neoplasms yourself. There is a high probability of papilloma injury. This will provoke rapid degeneration of a benign tumor into a cancerous growth. Only the surgeon will perform the operation successfully.
Surgery to remove growths in children is contraindicated. This leads to complete cessation of breathing. These methods are not used in early childhood.
Treatment with folk remedies
There are a number of folk remedies that can get rid of papillomas in the throat. They are based on natural herbs and plants. A simple remedy is to eat 1 tablespoon of fresh honey a day.
The infusion of bay leaves will help you deal with the problem. Fill with boiling water and keep in a thermos overnight. During the day the drug is taken. The course of treatment with the drug is 2 weeks.
An effective recipe is a mixture of chopped horseradish with honey. The ingredients are taken in equal proportions. You need to take a spoonful of funds a day. The slurry is placed on the tongue and after a few seconds it is washed off with water.
From ancient times, people treat papillomas located in the throat by drinking a decoction of a mixture of bird cherry, thyme, licorice, black currant, raspberry, coltsfoot and plantain. The drug is taken one hour after meals for 3 months.
You can not cure the problem with folk recipes. The sooner the patient sees a doctor, the sooner he will receive highly qualified care, this will help avoid the consequences.