If warts appear near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. Dangerous infection that in the active stage can cause oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is the human papilloma virus
HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes warts to appear in the intimate areas. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected in about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus stays in the body in a latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts for 3 months, when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissues. Immunity of young women eliminates HPV alone in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20% the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
Human papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexy. The main route of infection in which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and household. The use of things, clothes, shoes, household items of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it moves through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Contact. Contact with infected skin.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and does not require treatment. In other patients it is activated, relapses. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected sexual intercourse;
- long-term treatment;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary tract;
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can progress. In order to exclude uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer, it is necessary to identify the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at 7 months of age, when the child's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic types of HPV
Depending on the risk of cancer in women, the following types of HPV are distinguished:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenicity. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with permanent immunity. Under the influence of provoking factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Moderately oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provoking factors cancer develops.
- Highly oncogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
HPV types 16 and 18
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe invades the cells of the body, blocking antitumor protection. Gray spots with a rough surface appear in the genital area, anus. Over time, warts, papillomas and warts form. They are located not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reduces the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer may develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The signs of infection depend on the strains that the person has infected. Initially, the HPV carrier does not experience discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. The following signs of HPV appear under the influence of provoking factors:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and warts
Skin growths are the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when infected with viruses of 6, 11 types. The shoots are flesh-colored, outwardly reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is multiple, can merge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury to such an accumulation of a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Localized on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The growths with a dense texture of the legs vary in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are distinguished by shape:
- Usually (vulgarly). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet caused by HPV type 1, 2.
- Filamentous. The nodes of the legs are located in the groin, under the arms and mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Flat (youth). Localized in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own when they grow up. It is caused by a virus type 3, 5.
Diagnosis
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to be examined and correctly determine the type of virus. In dangerous conditions, the woman is registered in the ward for sexually transmitted diseases. Diagnosis is complex and includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugol's solution, acetic acid.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or exclude oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effect of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. Scraping of the cervix is performed to determine cancerous changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the lining of the inside of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is stained, dried and then examined under a microscope. The aim of the study is to identify atypical and cancer cells.
The stages of evaluation of the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of the nuclei;
- cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
A scraping of the vagina is performed to determine the areas of DNA characteristic of the papillomavirus. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg of 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects sections of papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage and a tendency to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often combined with cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:
- cutting out growths on the skin;
- taking antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulatory course of treatment.
Warts and papillomas, depending on their location on the body, are easily injured. In addition, neoplasms may grow. Such growths are best removed by surgery. Otherwise, the risk increases that skin lesions will soon become cancerous.
Medicine
Taking medication is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is treatable. List of drugs for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components in the composition. In this way you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antivirus. The composition of the drugs contains an antiviral component, when it enters the body, antibodies are produced against infection.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the proposed surgical techniques is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerability, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, then disappear painlessly. No scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. Skin growths are removed with an electric scalpel, electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radiowave treatment. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has a minimum of medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is the scars.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine methods are used to eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus in the complex treatment scheme. It is impossible to cure HPV from within in this way, but it is indeed possible to remove skin neoplasms without sequelae. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following healthy recipes:
- Pull a fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Do the procedure once a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the accumulation disappears.
- Squeeze the juice from the garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Do the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the rowan berries in half. Apply on the wart, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before bedtime, the positive dynamics is noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply on external growths 2-3 times a day until they fall.
Medicinal decoctions and infusions instead of tea can be included in the complex treatment scheme to quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:
- Coniferous infusion. Pour 1 tbsp chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Cook over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before meals (you can add honey).
- Sugar onion. Boil in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion flakes in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take orally 1 tsp 5-6 times daily before meals (honey can be added).
Prevention
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to take timely preventive measures. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate indiscriminate sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthening the immune system (especially in the period of seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication.
- Lead an active lifestyle, exercise.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination is able to protect only 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.